Avances en la protección y preservación de la fertilidad femenina

Resumen

La tasa de supervivencia de los pacientes con cáncer está aumentando en los últimos años debido a tratamientos como la radioterapia y la quimioterapia. Este tratamiento también está afectando la capacidad reproductiva de las mujeres, provocando una falla ovárica prematura que lleva a una infertilidad temprana. La preservación de la fertilidad en las mujeres parece ser un tema importante, pero con el avance de las tecnologías de reproducción asistida existe la posibilidad de preservar la fertilidad en pacientes con y sin cáncer. Las opciones actuales de preservación de la fertilidad son métodos tradicionales como la criopreservación de embriones y ovocitos con nuevas tecnologías como la criopreservación y el trasplante de tejido ovárico. La criopreservación de ovocitos se utiliza para mujeres con enfermedades benignas, mujeres que buscan la fertilidad por motivos personales, religiosos y legales. Para las niñas prepúberes y las pacientes que no pueden retrasar los tratamientos contra el cáncer para preservar la fertilidad y la función endocrina ovárica, la criopreservación de tejido ovárico es la única opción. Este documento resumirá los principales métodos y avances en la protección y preservación de la fertilidad femenina.

Palabras clave

Infertilidad femenina, preservación de la fertilidad, criopreservación de embriones, criopreservación de ovocitos, criopreservación, trasplante de tejido ovárico

Citas

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