Analisis del Export-Led Growth hypothesis: Caso Ecuador
Resumen
Uno de los principales debates que ha tenido lugar en las últimas décadas en el ámbito delcomercio internacional ha apuntado a si los países deberían seguir políticas comercialesorientadas a proteger y fortalecer su aparato productivo, o por el contrario, deberíanpromocionar su sector exportador para potenciar un mayor crecimiento económico. Estepaper analiza la relación entre las exportaciones y el PIB mediante una regresión simple usandoel estimador de MCO. Se pone a prueba la Export-Led Hypothesis al realizar un análisis deseries de tiempo con datos trimestrales del año 2001 al 2014 del país Ecuador de las variablesFormación de Capital Bruto, Exportaciones Petroleras y PIB neto de exportaciones. Losresultados comprueban una fuerte relación entre el PIB y las exportaciones, pero demuestrauna relación negativa lo cual pone en evidencia la importancia no sólo de las exportacionesen sí, sino la composición de las mismas.Palabras clave
exportaciones, crecimiento económico, export-led growth, productividad.
Biografía del autor/a
Christian Rosero Barzola
Cecilia Vélez Barros
Orly Carvache Franco
Melissa Rodríguez Herrera
Citas
- Abu-Qarn, A., & Abu-Bader, S. (2004). The Validity of the ELG Hypothesis in the MENA
- Region: Cointegration and Error Correction Model Analysis. Applied Economics, 36(15),
- -1695.
- Aguado Moralejo, I., Echebarria Miguel, C., & Barrutia Legarreta, J. M. (2009). El
- Desarrollo Sostenible a lo largo de la Historia del Pensamiento Económico. Revista de
- Economía Mundial, 21, 87-110.
- Ahumada, H., & Sanguinetti, P. (1995). The export-led groeth hypothesis revisited: theory
- and evidence. Estudios de Economía, 327-355.
- Ahumada, H., & Sanguinetti, P. (1995). The Export-Led Growth Hypothesis revisited: Theory
- and Evidence. 327-355: Estudios de Economía.
- Alam, M. I. (2003). Manufactured Exports, Capital Goods Imports, and Economic Growth:
- Expierence of Mexico and Brazil. International Economic Journal, 17(4), 85-105.
- Attri, V. (1980). India’s Foreign and Economic Growth Since 1947. (unpublished Ph.D
- Thesis). Kurukshetra: Kurukshetra University.
- Awokuse, T. (2008). Trade Openness and Economic Growth: Is Growth Export-Led or Import.
- Led? Applied Economics, 40(2), 161-173.
- Baharumshah, A. Z., & Almasaied, S. W. (January-February de 2009). Foreign Direct
- Investment and Economic Growth in Malaysia: Intreactions with Human Capital and
- Financial Deepening. Emerging Markets Finance & Trade, 45(1), 90-102.
- Bahmani-Oskooee, M., & Alse, J. (1993). Export Growth and Economic Growth: An
- Application of Cointegration and Error Correction Modeling. Journal of Developing Areas,
- (4), 535-542.
- Bahmani-Oskooee, M., Economidou, C., & Gobinda-Goswami, G. (2005). Export Led Growth
- Hypothesis Revisited: A Panel Cointegration Approach. Scientific Journal of Administrative,
- -55.
- Bajo-Rubio, O., & Díaz-Roldán, C. (March de 2012). Do exports cause growth? Some
- evidence for the EU members. Post-Communist Economies, 24(1), 125-131.
- Balassa, B. (1978). Exports and Economic Growth: Further Evidence. Journal of
- Development Economics, 5(2).
- Banco Central del Ecuador. (2014). Cuentas Nacionales.
- Banco Central del Ecuador. (2014). Cuentas Trimestrales 2014. Quito: Banco Central del
- Ecuador.
- Banco Central del Ecuador. (2014). Estadísticas Macroeconómicas: Presentación Coyuntural. Quito: Dirección de Estadística Económica.
- Barro, R. J., Mankiw, G. N., & Sala-i-Martin, X. (1995). Capital Mobility in Neoclassical
- Models of Growth. American Economic Review, 85, 103-15.
- Ben-David, D. (1993). Equalizing exchange: trade liberalization and income convergence.
- Quarterly Journal of Economics, 653-679.
- Bermejo, R. (2001). Economía Sostenible: Principios, conceptos e instrumentos. Bilbao:
- Bakeaz.
- Bifani, P. (1999). Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible. Madrid: IEPALA.
- Chow, P. (1987). Causality Between Export Growth and Industrial Development: Empirical
- Evidence from NICs. Journal of Development Economics, 26(1), 55-63.
- Chuang, Y.-c. (1998). Learning by doing, the Technology Gap, and Growth. International
- Economic Review, 697-721.
- Domar, E. (1937). Expansion and Employment. American Economic Review, 37.
- Domar, E. (1946). Capital Expansion, Rate of Growth and Employment. Econometrica.
- Dreger, C., & Herzer, D. (2011). A Further Examination of the Export-Led Growth Hypothesis.
- Berlin: Deutsches Institut fur Wirtschaftsforschung.
- Erfani, G. R. (1999). Exports and Economic Growth in Developing Countries. International
- advances in economic research.
- Espinosa Guzmán, R. (2014). Informe a la Nación 2014. Quito: Ministerio Coordinador de
- Producción, Empleo y Competitividad.
- Feder, G. (1983). On Exports and Economic Growth. Journal of Development Economics, 12.
- Ferguson, J. (1948). Historia de la Economía. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
- Fernandez Díaz, A., Parejo Gámir, J. A., & Rodríguez Sáiz, L. (2005). Politica Económica
- (Cuarta edición ed.). Madrid: McGraw-Hill.
- Findlay, R. (1984). Trade and Development: Theory and Asian Experience. Asian
- Development Review, 2(2), 23-42.
- Fondo Monetario Internacional. (17 de octubre de 2014). Perspectivas de la Economía
- Mundial. Obtenido de Boletín del FMI: http://www.imf.org/external/Spanish/pubs/ft/survey/so/2014/NEW100714AS.htm
- Fosu, A. (1990). Export Composition and the Impact of Exports on Economic Growth of
- Developing Economics. Economics Letters(34), 67-71.
- Galindo Martin, M. A. (Enero-Febrero de 2011). Crecimiento Económico. Tendencias y
- Nuevos Desarrollos de la Teoría Económica ICE(858), 39-55.
- Galindo Martín, M. A., & Malgesini, G. (1993). Crecimiento económico: principales teorías
- desde Keynes. Madrid: McGraw-Hill.
- Ghatak, S., Milner, C. R., & Utkulu, U. (1997). Exports, Export Composition and Growth:
- Cointegration and Causality Evidence for Malaysia. Applied Economics, 29(2), 213-223.
- Ghirmay, T., Grabowski, R., & Sharma, S. C. (2001). Exports, inevestent, efficiency and
- economic growth in LDC: an empirical investigation. Applied Economics, 689-700.
- Greenaway, D., & Sapsford, D. (1994). What does Liberalisation do for Exports and Growth?
- Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 130(1), 152-174.
- Grossman, G. M., & Helpman, E. (1991). Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy.
- MIT Press.
- Harrod, R. F. (1939). An Essay in Dinamic Theory. The Economic Journal, 14-33.
- Harrod, R. F. (1948). Towards a Dynamic Economics. Londres: MacMillan.
- Heller, P. S., & Porter, R. C. (1978). Exports and Growth: An Empirical Re-investigation.
- Journal of Development Economics, 5(2), 191-193.
- Helpman, E., & Krugman, P. (1985). Market Structure and Foreign Trade. MIT Press.
- Instituto de Promoción de Exportaciones e Inversiones . (2014). Informe Mensual de
- Comercio e Inversión - Junio 2014. Quito: Dirección de Inteligencia Comercial e Inversiones,
- PRO ECUADOR.
- Jordaan, A. C., & Eita, J. H. (2007). Export and Economic Growth in Namibia: A Granger
- Causality Analysis. South African Journal of Economics, 75(3).
- Jung, W. S., & Marshall, P. J. (1985). Exports, growth and causality in developing countries.
- Journal of Development Economics, 1-12.
- Kavoussi, R. (1984). Export Expansion and Economic Growth: Further Empirical Evidence.
- Journal of Development Economics, 14(1), 241-250.
- Keynes, J. M. (1936). The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. United
- Kingdom: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Kristjanpoller, W. R., & Olson, J. E. (January-February de 2014). Economic Growth in Latin
- American Countries: Is it based on Export-Led or Import-Led Growth. Emerging Markets
- Finance & Trade, 50(1), 6-20.
- Krueger, A. (1985). Import Substitution Versus Export Promotion. Finance and Development,
- (2), 20-23.
- Krueger, A. O. (May de 1980). Trade Policy as an Input to Development. The American
- Economic Review, 70(2), 288-292.
- Kuznest, S. (June de 1973). Modern Economic Growth: Finding and Reflections. American
- Economic Review, 63(3), 247-258.
- Kuznets, S. (1966). Modern Economic Growth. Yale University Press.
- Lussier, M. (1991). Impacts of Exports on Economic Performance: A Comparative Study.
- Journal of African Economies, 2(1), 106-127.
- Mallick, S. K. (1996). Causality Between Exports and Economic Growth in India: Evidence
- from Cointegration based Error-correction Model. Indian Journal of Economics, 76(302),
- -320.
- Malthus, T. R. (1798). An Essay on the Principle of Population. London: J. Johnson.
- Matsuyama, K. (1992). Agricultural Productivity, Comparative Advantage, and Economic
- Growth. Journal of Economic Theory, 317-334.
- McNab, R., & Moore, R. (1998). Trade Policy, Export Expansion, Human Capital and
- Growth. Journal of International Trade and Economic Development, 7(2), 237-256.
- Medina-Smith, E. J. (2001). Is the Export-Led Growth Hypothesis Valid for Develoing
- Countries? A Case Study of Costa Rica. United Nations Conference on Trade and
- Development, Policy Issues in International Trade and Commodities Study Series.
- Michaely, M. (1977). Exports and Growth: An Empirical Investigation. Journal of
- Development Economics, 4, 49-53.
- Ministerio Coordinador de Política Económica. (2014). Indicadores Macroeconómicos
- Mayo 2014. Quito: Ministerio Coordinador de Política Económica.
- Ministerio de Comercio Exterior. (2014). Boletín Mnesual de Comercio Exterior. Quito:
- Dirección de Inteligencia Comercial e Inversiones.
- Nowak-Lehmann, F., Herzer, D., & Siliverstovs, B. (2005). Export-Led Growth in Chile:
- Assessing the Role of Export Composition in Productivity Growth. Proceedings of the
- German Development Economics Conference. Kiel.
- Ogbokor, C. A. (2005). Time Series Evidence For Export-Led Growth Paradigm: A Case
- Study Of Zimbabwe. Journal of Social Sciences, 1(2), 77-80.
- Organización Mundial del Comercio. (2014). Informe sobre el Comercio Mundial 2014.
- Parida, P. C., & Sahoo, P. (2007). Export-Led Growth in South Asia: A Panel Cointegration
- Analysis. Interntional Economic Journal, 21(2), 155-175.
- Ram, M. (1976). Trade - An Engine of Economic Growth: The case of India during the
- Planning Period. The Indian Journal of Economics, 56, 401-410.
- Ram, R. (1985). Exports and Economic Growth: Some Additional Evidence. Economic
- Development and Cultural Change, 415-425.
- Ram, R. (1987). Exports and Economic Growth in Developing Countries: Evidence from
- Time-Series and Cross-Sectional Data. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 51-63.
- Rebelo, S. (1991). Long-run Policy Analysis and Long-run Growth. Journal of Political
- Economy, 500-521.
- Reyes, S., & Jiménez, S. (julio-diciembre de 2012). Composición de las exportaciones y
- crecimiento económico en la Comunidad Andina de Naciones. Lecturas de Economía(77),
- -90.
- Ricardo, D. (1817). On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation. London: John
- Murray.
- Riezman, R. G., Whiteman, C. H., & Summers, P. M. (1991). The Engine of Gorwth or Its
- Handmaiden? A time-series Assessment of Export-Led Growth. Empirical Economics, 21(1),
- -110.
- Roberto, C., Kaltani, L., & Loaysa, N. (2009). Openness can be good for growth: the role of
- policy complementarities. Journal of Development Economics, 33-49.
- Sahni, P., & Atri, P. V. (July de 2012). Export-Led Growth in India: An Empirical Investigation.
- International Journal of Marketing and Technology, 2(7), 283-298.
- Schumpeter, J. A. (1911). The Theory of Economic Development. Oxford University Press.
- Secretaría Nacional de Planificación y Desarrollo. (2012). Transformación de la Matriz
- Productiva: Revolución productiva a través del conocimiento y el talento humano. Quito:
- SENPLADES.
- Serrano, L. (1998). Capital Humano, Estructura Sectorial y Crecimiento en las Regiones
- Españolas. Valencia: Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas, S.A.
- Sharma, S. S., & Smyth, R. (2009). Is Economic Grwoth Export-Led or Import-Led in the
- Oacific Island Countries? Evidence from Panel Data Models. Melbourne: Discussion Paper
- DEVDP 09-15, Development Research Unit, Monash University.
- Sharma, S., & Dhakal, D. (1994). Causal Analyses Betweem Exports and Economic Growth
- in Developing Countries. Applied Economic, 26(12), 1145-1157.
- Smith, A. (1776). An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Londres:
- W. Strahan & T. Cadell .
- Solow, R. (1956). A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth. Quarterly Journal of
- Economics, 65-94.
- Tsen, W. H. (2010). Exports, Domestic Demand, and Economic Growth in China: Granger
- Causality Analysis. Review of Development Economics, 14(3), 625-639.
- Tyler, W. (1981). Growth and Export Expansion in Developing Countries: Some Empirical
- Evidence. Journal of Development Economics, 9(1), 121-130.
- Tyler, W. (1981). Growth and Export Expansion in Developing Countries: Some Empirical
- Evidence. Journal of Development Economics, 9(1), 121-130.
- Ukpolo, V. (1994). Export Composition and Growth of Selected Low-Income African
- Countries: evidence from time series data. Applied Economics(26), 445-449.
- Vohra, R. (2001). Exports and Economic Growth: Further Time series Evidence from Less
- Developed Countries. International Advances in Economic Research, 7.
El derecho de autor se conserva en los autores de la revista. Garantían también su derecho para publicar artículos científicos e investigativos. Todos los artículos están reconocidos a través de una licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons, donde permite compartir a terceros, siempre y cuando indique al autor y la primera publicación de la revista empresarial, sin fines comerciales.
Los autores se rigen a las diferentes normas de la licencia de no exclusiva, para distribución de la versión en obras publicadas, siempre y cuando se indique la primera publicación de la revista empresarial.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.