Morfología de la válvula aórtica bicúspide y dilatación aórtica
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Abstract
Introducción: la válvula aórtica bicúspide (VAB) es una de las cardiopatías congénitas más frecuentes y además de causar alteraciones en la función valvular, es común encontrar afectación de la arteria aorta. Metodología: estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo. En el servicio de consulta externa del hospital Roberto Gilbert se revisaron los registros ecocardiográficos de pacientes con diagnóstico de VAB entre abril 2017 y abril 2019. Resultados: de 8.000 registros ecocardiográficos revisados se encontraron 71 niños con el diagnóstico de VAB dando una prevalencia del 0,9% con una clara superioridad del sexo masculino (76,4%). Lesiones funcionales valvulares se registraron en el 55,55% de la población sin que se encuentre predominancia de la estenosis o de la insuficiencia. La dilatación aórtica se encontró en 24 pacientes (33%) siendo el segmento de los senos de Valsalva, el mayormente afectado. Conclusiones: la prevalencia de VAB en el presente estudio se encuentra entre los valores publicados. Es frecuente la presencia de lesiones valvulares y dilatación de la aorta. Después del diagnóstico, la vigilancia y el seguimiento se vuelven muy importantes para prevenir eventos catastróficos y el momento del tratamiento intervencionista. Se recomienda descartar VAB en familiares de primer grado.
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