Diabetes gestacional. Una revisión sistemática

Resumen

Introducción: la diabetes gestacional, enfermedad frecuente en el embarazo, cuya prevalencia aumenta en uno de cada seis nacidos vivos en todo el mundo. 

Materiales y métodos: se elaboró una revisión sistemática con la declaración PRISMA 2020.

Resultados: metformina fue superior a la insulina en eventos hipoglucémicos.  La  eficacia, seguridad de la metformina sola o como terapia complementaria a la insulina en el embarazo con diabetes mellitus gestacional con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 redujo el aumento de peso materno , hipoglucemia materna , hipoglucemia neonatal, ingreso a la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales y reducción del peso al nacer ≥4000 g.

Conclusiones: la diabetes gestacional se   relaciona con morbilidad perinatal, un mayor riesgo de diabetes y enfermedades cardiovasculares en la madre a futuro y predisposición a obesidad infantil en la descendencia. La metformina reduce el riesgo de ciertos resultados maternos y neonatales en comparación con la terapia con insulina.

Palabras clave

Diabetes, Gestacional, Complicaciones de la diabetes, Diabetes tipo I, Diabetes mellitus tipo II

Citas

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